PE4S284 - Personalised Diabetes Management - Technology 19 Sep 2024 - 31 Aug 2031 | Version 5

Associated Module Information

Module Code: PE4S284
Module Title: Personalised Diabetes Management - Technology
Faculty: Faculty of Life Sciences and Education
Faculty Group: Allied Health and Chiropractic
Faculty Sub Group: Clinical Services
Module Leader: Karl New
Module Team:
First Intended Intake: MAR 2025 Final Year of Intake: 2030
Date Closed:
Credit Value: 20 Credit Level: 7
Language: English
Percentage of Module Taught in Welsh: 0
Equivalent Module:
HECOS codes: 100260 - healthcare science
HECOS Code Weighting: 100

Document Version Information

Version 5
Valid From 19 Sep 2024
Valid To 31 Aug 2031

Module Aims

To critically evaluate the increasing role of technology in enabling precision and personalised diabetes care, and develop practical competencies in the application of technological advancements for effective management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, while addressing the unique challenges of diabetes as a comorbidity across various medical disciplines.

Content Summary

Indicative content to include topics outlined below and/or any other relevant current topics to fulfil the module aims and learning outcomes:

Topics may include:

Technology and diabetes: Theory to practice

Management of specific conditions

Inpatient diabetes management

Learning and Teaching Methods

Activity Type Hours
Seminars 40
Independent Study 80
Direct Study (including online independent learning) 40
Problem/Challenge-based Learning 40
Total Hours Selected 200

Learning Outcomes

# Learning Outcome
LO1 Critique the practical applications of technology in diabetes management, including insulin delivery systems, continuous glucose monitoring, and ambulatory glucose profile interpretation.
LO2 Develop personalised management strategies for specific conditions related to diabetes, such as gestational diabetes, drug-induced diabetes, and genetic forms of diabetes and obesity.

Module Requisites

N/A

Assessment Criteria

Assessment Category Assessment Type Description Duration Word Count Weight (%) Best of? Pass Mark
Asynchronous Assessment Case study 1 A concentrated inquiry into a single case or subject. Learna: Case-based scenarios and a discussion forum related to Personalised Diabetes Management. 0 2500 40 No 40
Asynchronous Assessment Project 1 A detailed analysis of a topic, involving some original research undertaken by the candidate who makes use of data and/or primary sources. Learna: Completion of an individual/group task related to Personalised Diabetes Management. 0 1000 20 No 40
Asynchronous Assessment Self Reflective Assessment 1 A personal record of a student’s learning experiences. It requires students to record and reflect upon their observations and responses to situations, which can then be used later to explore and analyse ways of thinking and being in context. Generally involves critical diaries, learning logs and written / visual journals. Learna: Reflective journal. 0 600 10 No 40
Synchronous Online Assessment Time-constrained assessment (Online) 1 Assessment to be completed in a specific timescale, which is neither an invigilated examination nor a piece of coursework. To be completed over an extended period (e.g. a 2-hour task to be completed within 48 hours, or a 24-hour assessment). Learna: End of module 1-hour Case-based Multiple-choice Examination related to Personalised Diabetes Management to be completed within a 10-day period. 60 N/A 30 No 40

Assessment Matrix

Assessment Type Learning Outcomes
LO1 LO2
Case study 1 ✔ ✔
Project 1 ✔ ✔
Self Reflective Assessment 1 ✔ ✔
Time-constrained assessment (Online) 1 ✔ ✔

Reading List

The module reading list is available to the students to access via electronic links on the learning platform (Moodle).

 

In addition to the list below, each list is supplemented with up-to-date peer-reviewed journal articles and studies that are continually refreshed as guidelines change and new treatments and technologies emerge.

 

Additional reading resources are also provided where relevant by the tutors during the running of the module in the discussion forum to keep the reading resources current and relevant.

 

Core Journals/Databases:

 

Canadian Journal of Diabetes. [Online]

Clinical Diabetes. [Online]

Diabetes. [Online]

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. [Online]

Diabetes & Metabolism. [Online]

Diabetes Care. [Online]

Diabetes Dateline. [Online]

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. [Online]

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. [Online]

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. [Online]

Diabetes Spectrum. [Online]

International Diabetes Nursing. [Online]

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. [Online]

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. [Online]

Journal of Diabetes Research. [Online]

Pediatric Diabetes. [Online]

Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. [Online]

Practical Diabetes. [Online]

Primary Care Diabetes. [Online]

 

Core Websites:

 

Department of Health. [Online]

Department of Health National Service Framework for Diabetes: Delivery Strategy. London: Department of Health. [Online]

NICE (2022) NICE guideline [NG17]. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management. [Online]

NICE (2022) NICE guideline [NG28]. Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. [Online]

 

Core Textbook:

 

Holt, R.I.G., Cockram, C.S., Flyvbjerg, A. and Goldstein, B.J. (eds.) (2024) Textbook of Diabetes. 6th edn. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

 

Indicative Module 4 Reading:

 

An, H. and He, L. (2016) 'Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes', Journal of Endocrinology, 228(3), pp. R97-R106.

 

Apostolova, N., Iannantuoni, F., Gruevska, A., Muntane, J., Rocha, M. and Victor, V.M. (2020) 'Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions', Redox Biology, 34, 101517.

 

Baggio, L.L., Yusta, B., Mulvihill, E.E., Cao, X., Streutker, C.J., Butany, J., Cappola, T.P., Margulies, K.B. and Drucker, D.J. (2018) 'GLP-1 Receptor Expression Within the Human Heart', Endocrinology, 159(4), pp. 1570-1584.

 

Carpenter, R., DiChiacchio, T. and Barker, K. (2019) 'Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes: An integrative review', International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 6(1), pp. 70-91.

 

Craddy, P., Palin, H.-J. and Johnson, K.I. (2014) 'Comparative Effectiveness of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Mixed Treatment Comparison', Diabetes Therapy, 5(1), pp. 1-41.

 

Davies, M.J., Aroda, V.R., Collins, B.S., Gabbay, R.A., Green, J., Maruthur, N.M., Rosas, S.E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tankova, T., Tsapas, A. and Buse, J.B. (2022) 'Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)', Diabetes Care, 45(11), pp. 2753-2786.

 

DeFronzo, R.A. (2017) 'Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor', Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(10), pp. 1353-1362.

 

DeVries, J.H. and Rosenstock, J. (2017) 'DPP-4 Inhibitor–Related Pancreatitis: Rare but Real!', Diabetes Care, 40(2), pp. 161-163.

 

ElSayed, N.A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V.R., Bannuru, R.R., Brown, F.M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B.S., Hilliard, M.E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E.L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S.K., Perry, M.L., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R.E., Seley, J.J., Stanton, R.C. and Gabbay, R.A. (2023) '9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023', Diabetes Care, 46(Suppl. 1), pp. S140-S157.

 

Ferrannini, E. (2014) 'The Target of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 371(16), pp. 1547-1548.

 

Green, J.B., Bethel, M.A., Armstrong, P.W., Buse, J.B., Engel, S.S., Garg, J., Josse, R., Kaufman, K.D., Koglin, J., Korn, S., Lachin, J.M., McGuire, D.K., Pencina, M.J., Standl, E., Stein, P.P., Suryawanshi, S., Van de Werf, F., Peterson, E.D. and Holman, R.R. (2015) 'Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 373(3), pp. 232-242.

 

Holman, R.R., Bethel, M.A., Mentz, R.J., Thompson, V.P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J.B., Chan, J.C., Choi, J., Gustavson, S.M., Iqbal, N., Maggioni, A.P., Marso, S.P., Öhman, P., Pagidipati, N.J., Poulter, N., Ramachandran, A., Zinman, B. and Hernandez, A.F. (2017) 'Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 377(13), pp. 1228-1239.

 

Kant, R., Gilreath, N.A. and Verma, V. (2019) 'Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly population with cardiovascular diseases', Clinical Trials in Degenerative Diseases, 4(4), pp. 101-103.

 

Kirwan, J.P., Sacks, J. and Nieuwoudt, S. (2017) 'The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes', Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(7, Suppl. 1), pp. S15-S21.

 

Lee, Y.-S. and Jun, H.-S. (2014) 'Anti-diabetic actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on pancreatic beta-cells', Metabolism, 63(1), pp. 9-19.

 

Lim, S., Bae, J.H., Kwon, H.-S. and Nauck, M.A. (2021) 'COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management', Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 17(1), pp. 11-30.

 

Liu, J., Li, L., Deng, K., Xu, C., Busse, J.W., Vandvik, P.O., Li, S., Guyatt, G.H. and Sun, X. (2017) 'Incretin based treatments and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis', The BMJ, 357(8110), j2499.

 

Lyseng-Williamson, K.A. (2019) 'Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: Their Use and Differential Features', Clinical Drug Investigation, 39(8), pp. 805-819.

 

Lyu, X., Zhu, X., Zhao, B., Du, L., Chen, D., Wang, C., Liu, G. and Ran, X. (2017) 'Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on beta-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials', Scientific Reports, 7, 44865.

 

Makrilakis, K. (2019) 'The Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in the Treatment Algorithm of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: When to Select, What to Expect', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2720.

 

Mannucci, E., Mosenzon, O. and Avogaro, A. (2016) 'Analyses of Results From Cardiovascular Safety Trials With DPP-4 Inhibitors: Cardiovascular Outcomes, Predefined Safety Outcomes, and Pooled Analysis and Meta-analysis', Diabetes Care, 39(Suppl. 2), pp. S196-S204.

 

Marso, S.P., Bain, S.C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F.G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L.A., Lingvay, I., Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M.L., Woo, V., Hansen, O., Holst, A.G., Pettersson, J. and Vilsbøll, T. (2016) 'Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 375(19), pp. 1834-1844.

 

Marso, S.P., Daniels, G.H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J.F.E., Nauck, M.A., Nissen, S.E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N.R., Ravn, L.S., Steinberg, W.M., Stockner, M., Zinman, B., Bergenstal, R.M. and Buse, J.B. (2016) 'Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 375(4), pp. 311-322.

 

Palmer, S.C., Mavridis, D., Nicolucci, A., Johnson, D.W., Tonelli, M., Craig, J.C., Maggo, J., Gray, V., De Berardis, G., Ruospo, M., Natale, P., Saglimbene, V., Badve, S.V., Cho, Y., Nadeau-Fredette, A.-C., Burke, M., Faruque, L., Lloyd, A., Ahmad, N., Liu, Y., Tiv, S., Wiebe, N. and Strippoli, G.F.M. (2016) 'Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events Associated With Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis', JAMA, 316(3), pp. 313-324.

 

Qaseem, A., Barry, M.J., Humphrey, L.L. and Forciea, M.A. (2017) 'Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians', Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(4), pp. 279-290.

 

Rena, G., Hardie, D.G. and Pearson, E.R. (2017) 'The mechanisms of action of metformin', Diabetologia, 60(9), pp. 1577-1585.

 

Rosenstock, J., Bajaj, H.S., Janež, A., Silver, R., Begtrup, K., Hansen, M.V., Jia, T. and Goldenberg, R. (2020) 'Once-Weekly Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment', New England Journal of Medicine, 383(22), pp. 2107-2116.

 

Salvo, F., Moore, N., Arnaud, M., Robinson, P., Raschi, E., De Ponti, F., Bégaud, B. and Pariente, A. (2016) 'Addition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to sulphonylureas and risk of hypoglycaemia: systematic review and meta-analysis', The BMJ, 353(8056), i2231.

 

Shyangdan, D.S., Uthman, O.A. and Waugh, N. (2016) 'SGLT-2 receptor inhibitors for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis', BMJ Open, 6(2), e009417.

 

Sola, D., Rossi, L., Carnevale Schianca, G.P., Maffioli, P., Bigliocca, M., Mella, R., Corlianò, F., Fra, G.P., Bartoli, E. and Derosa, G. (2015) 'Sulfonylureas and their use in clinical practice', Archives of Medical Science, 11(4), pp. 840-848.

 

Thomas, M.C., Paldánius, P.M., Ayyagari, R., Ong, S.H. and Groop, P.-H. (2016) 'Systematic Literature Review of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Impairment', Diabetes Therapy, 7(3), pp. 439-454.

 

Tsoutsouki, J., Wunna, W., Chowdhury, A. and Chowdhury, T.A. (2020) 'Advances in the management of diabetes: therapies for type 2 diabetes', Postgraduate Medical Journal, 96(1140), pp. 610-618.

 

Williams, D.M., Nawaz, A. and Evans, M. (2020) 'Drug Therapy in Obesity: A Review of Current and Emerging Treatments', Diabetes Therapy, 11(6), pp. 1199-1216.

 

Zaccardi, F., Webb, D.R., Htike, Z.Z., Youssef, D., Khunti, K. and Davies, M.J. (2016) 'Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and network meta-analysis', Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 18(8), pp. 783-794.

 

Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J.M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O.E., Woerle, H.J., Broedl, U.C. and Inzucchi, S.E. (2015) 'Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes', New England Journal of Medicine, 373(22), pp. 2117-2128.