6A006E - Physicochemical Characteristics for Medicine Development 01 Sep 2026 - 31 Aug 2029 | Version 1

Associated Module Information

Module Code: 6A006E
Module Title: Physicochemical Characteristics for Medicine Development
Faculty: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science
Faculty Group: Biological and Forensic Sciences
Faculty Sub Group: Biological Sciences
Module Leader: Andrew Graham
Module Team: Suzanna Kean, Natasha Galea, Peter Miedziak
First Intended Intake: Final Year of Intake:
Date Closed:
Credit Value: 20 Credit Level: 6
Language:
Percentage of Module Taught in Welsh: 0
Equivalent Module:
HECOS codes: 100420 - medicinal chemistry 100423 - pharmaceutical chemistry
HECOS Code Weighting: 50 50

Document Version Information

Version 1
Valid From 01 Sep 2026
Valid To 31 Aug 2029

Module Aims

  • Review the basics of formulation in relation to API delivery by common routes

  • Highlight the importance of specific physical properties of APIs and how they determine formulation requirements in relation to drug adsorption and distribution.

  • Introduce the fundamental science behind disperse systems and how they are important in the formulation of APIs for topical routes of drug delivery.

  • Provide an understanding of the mechanisms and rates of API degradation and how these can be minimised.

  • Outline how physical properties of APIs determine the formulation and manufacture of new medicines

Content Summary

Topics covering will include, but are not limited to:-

  • Formulation: Review of simple drug delivery and formulation systems

  • States of Matter: Review of typical properties of solids, liquids, and gases.

  • Preformulation Studies: Review of physical properties and molecular structure and how they determine solubility characteristics of solids including crystallinity, polymorphism, particle size and shape and how these properties determine API solubility and formulation. Noyes-Whitney equation.

  • Solubility and Distribution Phenomena: Principles of passive drug transport and how these are dependent on drug solubility and structure, distribution coefficients (lipophilicity), and dissolution rates. Lipinsky and the rule of 5.

  • Interfacial Phenomena: Surface tension, adsorption, wetting, and surfactants, critical for formulating emulsions and suspensions. Factors affecting interfacial phenomena.

  • Rheology: The study of flow properties of liquids, creams, and gels. Diffusion and Brownian motion.

  • Colloidal Dispersions & Suspensions: Properties of dispersed systems and their formulation as topical medicines. Properties of polymers and hydrogels in formulation and drug delivery. Factors affecting caking and sedimentation. Repulsive and attractive forces.

  • Chemical Kinetics & Drug Degradation: A review of simple chemical kinetics and the derivation of half-life equations under different rate orders. Role of kinetics in API degradation pathways (hydrolysis, photolysis and oxidation) methods for the retardation of degradation and models for the prediction of medicine shelf-life.

  • Micromeritics: Science of small particles, including particle size, size distribution, and flow characteristics including bulk volume, true density, porosity, and flow properties, impacting on how powders behave during API manufacturing.

  • Modern drug delivery systems: Extended release and targeted release. Nanostructured delivery systems such as porous silicates, dendrimers and liposomes. Delivery systems fro complex proteins in regenerative medicine.

Learning and Teaching Methods

Activity Type Hours
Practical Classes and Workshops 36
Independent Study 86
Directed Study (including online independent learning) 72
Formative assessment - independent 2
Problem/Challenge based learning 12
Total Hours Selected 208

Learning Outcomes

# Learning Outcome
LO1 To provide an understanding of the factors important in the effective formulation of new chemical entities to develop effective medicines.
LO2 To provide an understanding of how the physical properties of the API can be manipulated to enhance critical factors in formulation and provide more effective medicines.

Module Requisites

Code Title Requisite Type
MOD014132 Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules pre-requisite
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Assessment Criteria

Assessment Category Assessment Type Description Duration Word Count Weight (%) Best of? Pass Mark
Asynchronous Assessment Practical Coursework 1 (Asynch) A series of guided assessments demonstrating the application of practical skills, problem solving, data analysis, and interpretation 0 1500 40 No 40
Asynchronous Assessment Report 1 Written assignment allowing demonstration of the taught theory of the module. 0 2500 60 No 40

Assessment Matrix

Assessment Type Learning Outcomes
LO1 LO2
Practical Coursework 1 (Asynch)
Report 1

Reading List

Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy in Manufacture, Formulation and Clinical Use: Florence, A. T.,  Attwood, D. Pharmaceutical Press,  2016 (Sixth edition)

Aulton's pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines Taylor, Kevin, 1961- editor.; Aulton, Michael E., editor. 2022; Sixth edition