PH2S110 - Bioinorganic Chemistry 01 Aug 2023 - 31 Aug 2029 | Version 1

Associated Module Information

Module Code: PH2S110
Module Title: Bioinorganic Chemistry
Faculty: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science
Faculty Group: Applied Sciences
Faculty Sub Group: Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science
Module Leader: Gareth Owen
Module Team: Nildo Costa, Rehana Karim
First Intended Intake: SEP 2028 Final Year of Intake: 2028
Date Closed:
Credit Value: 20 Credit Level: 5
Language: English
Percentage of Module Taught in Welsh: 0
Equivalent Module:
HECOS codes: 100345 - biological sciences 101043 - inorganic chemistry
HECOS Code Weighting: 20 80

Document Version Information

Version 1
Valid From 01 Aug 2023
Valid To 31 Aug 2029

Module Aims

1. To build and develop concepts surrounding the physical and electronic structure of coordination compounds in the context of bioinorganic systems. To provide an understanding on how electronic structure affects the stability, reactivity, and properties of such compounds.

2. To introduce synthetic techniques, reactions and applications of coordination complexes relevant to bioinorganic species.

3. To provide a comprehensive introduction to biologically relevant inorganic compounds and their functions within natural systems including the role they play in the human body.

4. To build knowledge and provide an appreciation of the utilisation of inorganic compounds within pharmaceutical, therapeutical and medicinal contexts.

Content Summary

1. Fundamental inorganic concepts relevant to Bioinorganic Chemistry

a) Ligands

Ligand types, nomenclature, assignment of configuration, understanding metal-ligand interactions, Introduction to a wider range of ligands relevant to biological systems, including multidentate and macrocyclic ligands. The Chelate Effect, templation reactions. Hard-Soft-Acid-Base theory. Exploring their pi bonding capabilities, leading to Ligand Field Theory. p-donor, p-acceptor ligands. Derivation of crystal field stabilisation energies for geometries beyond octahedral and tetrahedral. Square planar vs tetrahedral in d8 configurations. Jahn Teller distortions. Using molecular orbital theory to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the Spectrochemical Series, in particular why p-donors are weak field ligands and p-acceptors are strong field ligands.

b) The Reactivity of Transition Metals

Stepwise and overall formation constants in aqueous solution and their measurement. Factors affecting reactivity of complexes. The stability of 16VE and 18VE complexes. General mechanisms involving TM’s including associative, dissociative and interchange. Berry-pseudo rotations. The Trans Effect. Formation and reactions of simple mono- and poly-nuclear transition metal compounds.

2. Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry

An introduction and survey of biologically relevant inorganic compounds, elements within biological systems, the structure of cells, Main group elements in biological systems (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium), ion transport through membranes, biologically relevant ligands, the importance of macrocyclic ligands: ionophores and siderophores. Active TM sites within enzymes (Co-based enzymes and Fe- and Cu-based enzymes for oxygen atom transfer). Electron transfer within enzymes,( eg. Respiratory chain), toxicity of metals. Biochemistry The role of zinc in biological systems.

3. Pharmaceutical Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications in Medicine

The medicinal properties and applications of various inorganic compounds for example antitumor complexes, antibacterial and antiviral agents, the wound healing properties of various compounds, boron neutron capture therapy, therapeutic uses of CO, NO and H2S

Learning and Teaching Methods

Activity Type Hours
Lecture 24
Tutorial 6
Practical classes and workshops 12
Independent Study 50
Directed Study 96
Problem / challenge based learning 6
Total Hours Selected 194

Learning Outcomes

# Learning Outcome
LO1 To gain a solid level of knowledge and understanding of transition metal-based compounds with relevance to bioinorganic systems. To appreciate the function of inorganic compounds in biological systems and critically evaluate the use of inorganic compounds in the context of pharmaceutical, therapeutical and medicinal uses.
LO2 Be able to use theoretical knowledge to carry out research/laboratory work safely in the area of bioinorganic chemistry.

Module Requisites

Code Title Requisite Type
MOD013089 Inorganic Chemistry pre-requisite
MOD010443 Chemical Concepts for the Forensic Sciences pre-requisite
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Assessment Criteria

Assessment Category Assessment Type Description Duration Word Count Weight (%) Best of? Pass Mark
Asynchronous Assessment Practical Coursework 1 (Asynch) Practical write ups following laboratory sessions 0 2000 50 No 40
Synchronous Onsite Assessment (Exam) Onsite Closed Book Examination 1 A test of knowledge and understanding by previously-seen or unseen questions, delivered onsite and time contrained to not more than 3 hours. 120 N/A 50 No 40

Assessment Matrix

Assessment Type Learning Outcomes
LO1 LO2
Practical Coursework 1 (Asynch)
Onsite Closed Book Examination 1

Reading List

Andrew Burrows, John Holman, Simon Lancaster, Tina Overton, Andrew Parsons, Gwen Pilling, and Gareth Price, Chemistry3, 4th Ed, OUP, 9780198829980

Mark Weller, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, and Fraser Armstrong, Inorganic Chemistry, 2018, 7th Ed, OUP, 9780198768128

Dieter Rehder, Bioinorganic Chemistry, 2014, OUP, 9780199655199

Wolfgang Kaim, Brigitte Schwederski, Axel Klein, Bioinorganic Chemistry Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life: An Introduction and Guide, 2013, Wiley, 978-0-470-97523-7

J. J. R. Frausto da Silva and R. J. P. Williams, The Biological Chemistry of the Elements - The Inorganic Chemistry of Life, 2001, Second Edition ISBN: 9780198508489 

Bertini, Ivano; Gray, Harry B.; Stiefel, Edward I.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone, Biological Inorganic Chemistry - Structure and Reactivity. 2007,  ISBN: 978-1-891389-43-61